![]() ![]() The review first introduced common methods to synthesize the aerogels from waste, including dispersion and drying techniques. This review provides an overview of the status of aerogels made from agricultural waste, municipal solid, and industrial waste focusing on the fabrication, properties, and applications of such aerogels. Numerous ways of converting waste to aerogels, a novel class of ultra-light and ultra-porous materials, have been researched to tackle the issues of waste. Tons of waste from residential, commercial and manufacturing activities are generated due to the growing population, urbanization and economic development, prompting the need for sustainable measures. This proved that RHS synthesised by solvent-thermal treatment method can be further developed as one of the alternatives to commercial silica in the market. All RHS samples were in the amorphous state following incineration at 700☌ for 4 hours. By using this method, rice husk silica (RHS) that was leached with 1.0 M HCl recorded the highest particle purity with 99.99% of SiO2 content and the highest BET surface area of 234.25 m2/g compared with RHS leached with 0.01 M, 0.1 M, 2.0 M, and 3.0 M HCl. This treatment method was modified from TAPPI T204 (2007) and TAPPI T264 (1997) standards, which are used for wood extraction in the pulp and papermaking industry. In this study, highly pure silica with small particle size and high surface area was extracted from rice husks via solvent-thermal treatment, followed by leaching with different concentrations of hydrochloric acid (HCl). Their high silica content makes them potential fillers to replace commercial precipitated silica in the polymer industry, composites and building materials for construction. ![]() Despite their huge developmental potential, rice husks are often left unutilised following the harvesting season, wasting a natural wealth that could be explored. In recent years, research on bio-based materials, such as rice husk is steadily gaining momentum. Since the present method is converting rice straw waste into useful and valuable porous carbon particles, further development of this study would give a positive impact for the reduction of rice straw waste emission. The study also confirms that the change in porosity has a direct impact to the ability of the product for adsorbing molecules. The higher concentration of activation agent has a direct correlation to produce more cavities in the material. Control of the porosity is also possible by managing the amount of activation agent (i.e. Experimental results showed that this method is effective to create porous carbon particles. To achieve the optimum process in the activation treatment, the concentration of activating agent (i.e. Production of porous carbon particles involved several steps: (i) burning rice straw waste (ii) ball-mill process and (iii) the activation treatment. The purpose of this research was to synthesize porous activated carbon particles from rice straw waste and investigate their adsorption properties. ![]()
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